17Calculus Parametric Equations - Volume
On this page we discuss integration and volume using parametric equations.
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If we have a parametric curve defined as \( x = X(t) \) and \( y = Y(t) \), we can determine the volume of the solid object defined by revolving this curve about an axis. We will limit our curve from \( t=t_0 \) to \( t=t_1 \).
Revolution About the x-axis |
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When revolved about the x-axis, the integral we use to calculate volume is \[ V_x = \pi \int_{t_0}^{t_1}{[Y(t)]^2 [dx/dt] dt} \] This is sometimes written \[ V_x = \pi \int_{t_0}^{t_1}{y^2 ~ dx} \] where \( dx = [dx/dt] dt \) |
Revolution About the y-axis |
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Similar to the x-axis integral, we use this integral to calculate volume. \[ V_y = \pi \int_{t_0}^{t_1}{[X(t)]^2 [dy/dt] dt} \] also written as \[ V_y = \pi \int_{t_0}^{t_1}{x^2 ~ dy} \] where \( dy = [dy/dt] dt \) |
Notes
1. Notice that when revolving about x-axis, the integrand contains \(Y(t)\) squared. And we have a similar situation for revolution about the y-axis. This may seem somewhat counter-intuitive but it makes sense when you know where the equations come from.
2. Don't forget the \(\pi\) out in front of the integrals.
Practice
Calculate the volume of revolution when the curve \(x = t^3\), \(y = 2t^2+1\), \(-1 \leq t \leq 1\) is rotated about the x-axis.
Problem Statement |
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Calculate the volume of revolution when the curve \(x = t^3\), \(y = 2t^2+1\), \(-1 \leq t \leq 1\) is rotated about the x-axis.
Solution |
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Topics You Need To Understand For This Page
Related Topics and Links
Trig Formulas
The Unit Circle
The Unit Circle [wikipedia]
Basic Trig Identities
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Set 1 - basic identities | |||
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\(\displaystyle{ \tan(t) = \frac{\sin(t)}{\cos(t)} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \cot(t) = \frac{\cos(t)}{\sin(t)} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \sec(t) = \frac{1}{\cos(t)} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \csc(t) = \frac{1}{\sin(t)} }\) |
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Set 2 - squared identities | ||
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\( \sin^2t + \cos^2t = 1\) |
\( 1 + \tan^2t = \sec^2t\) |
\( 1 + \cot^2t = \csc^2t\) |
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Set 3 - double-angle formulas | |
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\( \sin(2t) = 2\sin(t)\cos(t)\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \cos(2t) = \cos^2(t) - \sin^2(t) }\) |
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Set 4 - half-angle formulas | |
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\(\displaystyle{ \sin^2(t) = \frac{1-\cos(2t)}{2} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \cos^2(t) = \frac{1+\cos(2t)}{2} }\) |
Trig Derivatives
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\sin(t)]}{dt} = \cos(t) }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\cos(t)]}{dt} = -\sin(t) }\) | |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\tan(t)]}{dt} = \sec^2(t) }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\cot(t)]}{dt} = -\csc^2(t) }\) | |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\sec(t)]}{dt} = \sec(t)\tan(t) }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\csc(t)]}{dt} = -\csc(t)\cot(t) }\) |
Inverse Trig Derivatives
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arcsin(t)]}{dt} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-t^2}} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arccos(t)]}{dt} = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-t^2}} }\) | |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arctan(t)]}{dt} = \frac{1}{1+t^2} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arccot(t)]}{dt} = -\frac{1}{1+t^2} }\) | |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arcsec(t)]}{dt} = \frac{1}{\abs{t}\sqrt{t^2 -1}} }\) |
\(\displaystyle{ \frac{d[\arccsc(t)]}{dt} = -\frac{1}{\abs{t}\sqrt{t^2 -1}} }\) |
Trig Integrals
\(\int{\sin(x)~dx} = -\cos(x)+C\) |
\(\int{\cos(x)~dx} = \sin(x)+C\) | |
\(\int{\tan(x)~dx} = -\ln\abs{\cos(x)}+C\) |
\(\int{\cot(x)~dx} = \ln\abs{\sin(x)}+C\) | |
\(\int{\sec(x)~dx} = \) \( \ln\abs{\sec(x)+\tan(x)}+C\) |
\(\int{\csc(x)~dx} = \) \( -\ln\abs{\csc(x)+\cot(x)}+C\) |
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