You CAN Ace Calculus

### Topics You Need To Understand For This Page

 infinite series basics geometric series

### Calculus Topics Listed Alphabetically

Single Variable Calculus

 Absolute Convergence Alternating Series Arc Length Area Under Curves Chain Rule Concavity Conics Conics in Polar Form Conditional Convergence Continuity & Discontinuities Convolution, Laplace Transforms Cosine/Sine Integration Critical Points Cylinder-Shell Method - Volume Integrals Definite Integrals Derivatives Differentials Direct Comparison Test Divergence (nth-Term) Test
 Ellipses (Rectangular Conics) Epsilon-Delta Limit Definition Exponential Derivatives Exponential Growth/Decay Finite Limits First Derivative First Derivative Test Formal Limit Definition Fourier Series Geometric Series Graphing Higher Order Derivatives Hyperbolas (Rectangular Conics) Hyperbolic Derivatives
 Implicit Differentiation Improper Integrals Indeterminate Forms Infinite Limits Infinite Series Infinite Series Table Infinite Series Study Techniques Infinite Series, Choosing a Test Infinite Series Exam Preparation Infinite Series Exam A Inflection Points Initial Value Problems, Laplace Transforms Integral Test Integrals Integration by Partial Fractions Integration By Parts Integration By Substitution Intermediate Value Theorem Interval of Convergence Inverse Function Derivatives Inverse Hyperbolic Derivatives Inverse Trig Derivatives
 Laplace Transforms L'Hôpital's Rule Limit Comparison Test Limits Linear Motion Logarithm Derivatives Logarithmic Differentiation Moments, Center of Mass Mean Value Theorem Normal Lines One-Sided Limits Optimization
 p-Series Parabolas (Rectangular Conics) Parabolas (Polar Conics) Parametric Equations Parametric Curves Parametric Surfaces Pinching Theorem Polar Coordinates Plane Regions, Describing Power Rule Power Series Product Rule
 Quotient Rule Radius of Convergence Ratio Test Related Rates Related Rates Areas Related Rates Distances Related Rates Volumes Remainder & Error Bounds Root Test Secant/Tangent Integration Second Derivative Second Derivative Test Shifting Theorems Sine/Cosine Integration Slope and Tangent Lines Square Wave Surface Area
 Tangent/Secant Integration Taylor/Maclaurin Series Telescoping Series Trig Derivatives Trig Integration Trig Limits Trig Substitution Unit Step Function Unit Impulse Function Volume Integrals Washer-Disc Method - Volume Integrals Work

Multi-Variable Calculus

 Acceleration Vector Arc Length (Vector Functions) Arc Length Function Arc Length Parameter Conservative Vector Fields Cross Product Curl Curvature Cylindrical Coordinates
 Directional Derivatives Divergence (Vector Fields) Divergence Theorem Dot Product Double Integrals - Area & Volume Double Integrals - Polar Coordinates Double Integrals - Rectangular Gradients Green's Theorem
 Lagrange Multipliers Line Integrals Partial Derivatives Partial Integrals Path Integrals Potential Functions Principal Unit Normal Vector
 Spherical Coordinates Stokes' Theorem Surface Integrals Tangent Planes Triple Integrals - Cylindrical Triple Integrals - Rectangular Triple Integrals - Spherical
 Unit Tangent Vector Unit Vectors Vector Fields Vectors Vector Functions Vector Functions Equations

Differential Equations

 Boundary Value Problems Bernoulli Equation Cauchy-Euler Equation Chebyshev's Equation Chemical Concentration Classify Differential Equations Differential Equations Euler's Method Exact Equations Existence and Uniqueness Exponential Growth/Decay
 First Order, Linear Fluids, Mixing Fourier Series Inhomogeneous ODE's Integrating Factors, Exact Integrating Factors, Linear Laplace Transforms, Solve Initial Value Problems Linear, First Order Linear, Second Order Linear Systems
 Partial Differential Equations Polynomial Coefficients Population Dynamics Projectile Motion Reduction of Order Resonance
 Second Order, Linear Separation of Variables Slope Fields Stability Substitution Undetermined Coefficients Variation of Parameters Vibration Wronskian

### Search Practice Problems

Do you have a practice problem number but do not know on which page it is found? If so, enter the number below and click 'page' to go to the page on which it is found or click 'practice' to be taken to the practice problem.

17calculus > infinite series > power series

 Difference Between Power Series and Taylor Series Power Series Manipulating Power Series Finding a Power Series Using The Binomial Series Radius and Interval of Convergence List of Common Power Series Practice

The idea with power series is to use the fact that with a geometric series, we know it converges under certain circumstances AND we know what it converges to. So what we do is use algebra and, sometimes calculus, to write a function in the form of a geometric power series.

### Difference Between Power Series and Taylor Series

Taylor series are a specific case of Power series where the constants ( usually functions of n ) are related to the derivative of the function. Many of the same techniques that work for one will work for the other.

A Power Series is based on the Geometric Series using the equation $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$ which converges for $$|r| < 1$$, where r is a function of x. We can also use the ratio test and other tests to determine the radius and interval of convergence.
Power Series are discussed on this page.

A Taylor Series is based on the recurring formula $\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n} = f(a) + \frac{f'(a)}{1!}(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + . . . }$ We use the Ratio Test to determine the radius of convergence.
Taylor Series are discussed on a separate page.

The geometric series equation is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$. We will have equations where r is a function of x.
We then match the values of a and r to get the series form of the function. We also need to specify the values of r for which this series converges, i.e. $$\abs{r} < 1$$.

Why would we do this? Well, one reason is that we can convert a somewhat more complicated function into a polynomial (which happens to be infinite) and it is much easier (almost trivial) to find derivatives and integrals of polynomials.

Sometimes, you can just use algebra, to get the equation in the right form. But other times, you need to do a little more than basic algebra. If you can either take the derivative or integrate the original function to get something in the form $$\displaystyle{ \frac{a}{1-r} }$$, then you can do the opposite (integrate or take the derivative) of the sum to get the original function. I'm sure by now you need an example to get your head around this. Let's watch some videos that explain these ideas in more detail with examples.

Here are several very good videos introducing and explaining power series. It will help you to watch all of them, in this order, so that you can get several different perspectives on the same topic.

This first video introduces power series and its relationship to Taylor/Maclaurin series. He also uses the example $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{ n=0 }^{\infty}{ \frac{1}{2^n}x^n } }$$ to talk about under what conditions this series converges. If you have time to watch only one video, this is the one to watch.

### Dr Chris Tisdell - What is a power series? [11min-56secs]

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

This next video clip is more theoretical than the previous one but it will help you understand why power series work.

### MIT OCW - Lec 38 | MIT 18.01 Single Variable Calculus, Fall 2007 [25min-6secs]

video by MIT OCW

The next video is very practical, giving you the basics and showing you how to work with power series.

### PatrickJMT - Power Series Representation of Functions [2min-11secs]

video by PatrickJMT

Manipulating Power Series

Okay, now that you know how to set up power series, you can do all kinds of manipulations of them to find power series of other functions. In this video, he discusses how to manipulate power series, by taking derivatives and integrating, in order to find power series representation of functions that are not already in geometric series form.

### Dr Chris Tisdell - What is a power series? [47secs]

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

### Finding a Power Series Using The Binomial Series

The binomial series can be used to expand a special class of functions into power series.

If k is any real number and $$|x| < 1$$, then
$$\displaystyle{ (1+x)^k = 1 + kx + \frac{k(k-1)}{2!} x^2 + \frac{k(k-1)(k-2)}{3!}x^3 + . . . = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left( \begin{array}{c} k \\ n \end{array} \right) x^n } }$$
where $$\displaystyle{ \left( \begin{array}{c} k \\ n \end{array} \right) = \frac{k!}{n!(k-n)!} }$$

You can also use Taylor Series Expansion to expand these kinds of functions. There are a couple of practice problems below that use this series.

### Radius and Interval of Convergence

 This section is part of the discussion found on the radius and interval of convergence page, where you will find more information, videos and practice problems.

Once the Taylor series or power series is calculated, we use the ratio test to determine the radius convergence and other tests to determine the interval of convergence. Without knowing the radius and interval of convergence, the series is not considered a complete function (This is similar to not knowing the domain of a function. As we say in the page on domain and range, a fully defined function always contains information about the domain, either implicitly or explicitly stated.) In this case, we can't leave off information about where the series converges because the series may not hold for all values of $$x$$.

Using The Ratio Test

The ratio test looks like this. We have a series $$\sum{a_n}$$ with non-zero terms. We calculate the limit $$\displaystyle{\lim_{n \to \infty}{\left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|} = L}$$.
There are three possible cases for the value $$L$$.
$$L < 1$$: The series converges absolutely.
$$L = 1$$: The ratio test is inconclusive.
$$L > 1$$: The series diverges.

So we use the first case ($$L < 1$$, since we want convergence) and we set up the inequality $$\displaystyle{\lim_{n \to \infty}{\left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|} < 1} ~~~~~ [ 1 ]$$

Key: Do not drop the absolute values.

Radius of Convergence

To find the radius of convergence, we need to simplify the inequality [1] to the point that we have $$\left| x-a \right| < R$$. This gives the radius of convergence as $$R$$. This seems very simple but you need to be careful of the notation and wording your textbooks. Some textbooks use a small $$r$$. Some textbooks ask for the ratio of convergence in which case you need to give the answer as $$\rho = 1/R$$. This has always seemed kind of strange to me but there must be some reason for it. However, on this site, whenever we talk about the radius of convergence in this context, we will use $$R$$ as defined above.

There are three possible cases for the radius of convergence.

 $$R = 0$$ series converges only at the point $$x = a$$ $$0 < R < \infty$$ series converges within the interval $$R = \infty$$ series converges for all $$x$$

The interesting thing is that we have a strict inequality in $$0 < R < \infty$$ and, because of the definition of the ratio test, we have no idea what happens when $$\left| x-a \right| = R$$. The series could converge or diverge. The ratio test doesn't give us a clue on what happens in that case. That's where we need to find the interval of convergence, which we discuss next.

Interval of Convergence

We use the radius of convergence, $$R$$, to calculate the interval of convergence as follows
$$\begin{array}{rcccl} & & \left| x-a \right| & < & R \\ -R & < & x-a & < & R \\ -R + a & < & x & < & R + a \end{array}$$
So now we have an open interval $$(-R+a, R+a)$$ in which the series converges. Now we need to look at the endpoints to determine what goes on. To do that we substitute each endpoint individually for $$x$$ into the series and then use the other series test to determine convergence or divergence.

Notice when we substitute $$x=-R+a$$ into the $$(x-a)^n$$ term, we end up with $$(-R)^n$$ which can be simplified to $$(-1)^n R^n$$. Now we have an alternating series. So often, the alternating series test can be used to determine convergence or divergence. The point is that, using other tests, we need to definitively determine convergence or divergence at each endpoint. The result will be an open interval, a half-open interval or a closed interval. We call this interval, the interval of convergence.

Notice the difference between the terms radius of convergence and interval of convergence. The radius of convergence gives information about the open interval but says nothing about the endpoints. The interval of convergence includes the radius of convergence AND information about convergence or divergence of the endpoints.

See the radius and interval of convergence page page for more detail, videos and practice problems.

### List of Common Power Series

This panel contains a list of common power series. These are often used to build other power series. See the practice problems below for examples. You can find more discussion on the Taylor Series page.

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1-x} = \sum_ {n=0}^{\infty}{x^n} }$$

converges $$-1 < x < 1$$

power series

$$\displaystyle{ e^x = \sum_{n=0}^{x^n}{\frac{x^n}{n!}} }$$

converges $$-\infty < x < \infty$$

Maclaurin series

$$\displaystyle{\ln(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1} (x-1)^n}{n} } }$$

Taylor series about $$x = 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sin(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!} } }$$

converges $$-\infty < x < \infty$$

Maclaurin series

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n x^{2n}}{(2n)!} } }$$

converges $$-\infty < x < \infty$$

Maclaurin series

### Practice

Conversion Between A-B-C Level (or 1-2-3) and New Numbered Practice Problems

Please note that with this new version of 17calculus, the practice problems have been relabeled but they are MOSTLY in the same order. So, Practice A01 (1) is probably the first basic practice problem, A02 (2) is probably the second basic practice problem, etc. Practice B01 is probably the first intermediate practice problem and so on.

GOT IT. THANKS!

Instructions - - Unless otherwise instructed,
- if you are given a power series, determine the function that the sum represents. Assume that the values of x are such that the series converges.
- if you are given a function, build the power series of the function at the given point (if no point is given, use $$x=0$$), and determine the radius of convergence.

Basic Problems

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1-x^3} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1-x^3} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1-x^3} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ x^{3n} } ~~~~~ R=1 }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1-x^3} }$$

Solution

This is already in the form of a geometric series.
$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$.
We want $$\displaystyle{ \frac{a}{1-r} = \frac{1}{1-x^3} }$$.
By direct comparison, we know $$a=1$$ and $$r = x^3$$. Plugging these into the geometric series, we have $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{(1)(x^3)^n} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{x^{3n}} }$$
Now we need to determine the range of x-values for which this series converges, called the radius of convergence $$R$$. We know from the geometric series that as long as $$\abs{r}<1$$ the series will converge. In this problem, $$\abs{r} = \abs{x^3} < 1$$ and so $$\abs{x} < 1$$.

### 228 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1-x^3} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ x^{3n} } ~~~~~ R=1 }$$

$$\displaystyle{ h(x) = \frac{1}{x-6} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ h(x) = \frac{1}{x-6} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{x-6} = \frac{-1}{6} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{x^n}{6^n}} ~~~~~ R = 6 }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ h(x) = \frac{1}{x-6} }$$

Solution

In order to determine the power series of this function, we use the geometric power series
$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$.
We need to determine a and r. Looking at the equation $$\displaystyle{ \frac{a}{1-r} = \frac{1}{x-6} }$$
we need to rewrite the denominator $$x-6$$ to make it look like $$1-r$$.
$$x-6 = -6+x = (-6)(1-x/6)$$
So now we have $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{x-6} = \frac{1}{(-6)(1-x/6)} = \frac{-1/6}{1-x/6} }$$
When we compare this last expression to the geometric series we get
$$\displaystyle{ \frac{-1/6}{1-x/6} = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$ where $$a=-1/6$$ and $$r=x/6$$. Now we can write the sum.
$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{(-1/6)(x/6)^n} = \frac{-1}{6} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{x^n}{6^n}} }$$
Next, we need to determine the radius of convergence, $$R$$ . By the definition of the geometric series, $$\abs{r} < 1$$ for convergence. In our case, $$\abs{r} = \abs{x/6} < 1 ~~\to~~ \abs{x} < 6$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{x-6} = \frac{-1}{6} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{x^n}{6^n}} ~~~~~ R = 6 }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-15)^n 6 x^{n+2}}{7^{n+1}} } ~~~~~ R=7/15 }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} }$$

Solution

First, we need to get the function in the form $$\displaystyle{ \frac{a}{1-r} }$$.
$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} = \frac{6x^2}{7(1-(-15x/7))} = \frac{6x^2/7}{1-(-15x/7)} }$$

Comparing the last expression to $$\displaystyle{\frac{a}{1-r} }$$ we have $$a=6x^2/7$$ and $$r=-15x/7$$. Now we can write the sum

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ar^n} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{6x^2}{7} \left( \frac{-15x}{7} \right)^n} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-15)^n 6 x^{n+2}}{7^{n+1}}} }$$

Next, we need to determine the radius of convergence. This is given by the geometric series definition as $$\abs{r} < 1$$.
In our case, $$\abs{r} = \abs{-15x/7} < 1 ~~ \to ~~ \abs{x} < 7/15$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6x^2}{7+15x} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-15)^n 6 x^{n+2}}{7^{n+1}} } ~~~~~ R=7/15 }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+5}}{8^{n+1}}} }$$ $$R = 2 \sqrt{2}$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} }$$

Solution

Our goal here is to get $$f(x)$$ in the form $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ ar^n } = \frac{a}{1-r} }$$. We also require $$\abs{r}< 1$$ for series convergence.
$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} = \frac{x^5}{8[1-(-x^2/8)]} = \frac{x^5/8}{1-(-x^2/8)} }$$
Comparing this last equation to $$\displaystyle{ \frac{a}{1-r} }$$ we have $$\displaystyle{ r = \frac{-x^2}{8} }$$ and $$\displaystyle{ a = \frac{x^5}{8} }$$ giving us
$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^5}{8} \left( \frac{-x^2}{8} \right)^n } = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+5}}{8^{n+1}}} }$$
Now we need to find the radius of convergence.
$$\begin{array}{rcl} \abs{r} & < & 1 \\ \displaystyle{ \abs{ \frac{-x^2}{8} } } & < & 1 \\ x^2 & < & 8 \\ \abs{x} & < & \sqrt{8} = 2 \sqrt{2} \end{array}$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^5}{8+x^2} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+5}}{8^{n+1}}} }$$ $$R = 2 \sqrt{2}$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+2}}{n!} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+2}}{n!} } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+2}}{n!} } = x^2e^x }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+2}}{n!} } }$$

Solution

### 289 video

video by MIT OCW

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+2}}{n!} } = x^2e^x }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{x^n} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{x^n} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{x^n} = \frac{1}{1-x}-1-x }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{x^n} }$$

Solution

### 290 video

video by MIT OCW

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}{x^n} = \frac{1}{1-x}-1-x }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left[ \frac{x^n}{n!} + x^n \right] } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left[ \frac{x^n}{n!} + x^n \right] } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left[ \frac{x^n}{n!} + x^n \right] } = e^x + \frac{1}{1-x} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left[ \frac{x^n}{n!} + x^n \right] } }$$

Solution

### 291 video

video by MIT OCW

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \left[ \frac{x^n}{n!} + x^n \right] } = e^x + \frac{1}{1-x} }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=-1}^{\infty}{ x^{n+1} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=-1}^{\infty}{ x^{n+1} } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=-1}^{\infty}{ x^{n+1} } = \frac{1}{1-x} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=-1}^{\infty}{ x^{n+1} } }$$

Solution

### 292 video

video by MIT OCW

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=-1}^{\infty}{ x^{n+1} } = \frac{1}{1-x} }$$

$$g(x) = (x+1)e^x$$

Problem Statement

$$g(x) = (x+1)e^x$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$g(x) = (x+1)e^x$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(x+1)x^k}{k!} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$g(x) = (x+1)e^x$$

Solution

### 297 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$g(x) = (x+1)e^x$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(x+1)x^k}{k!} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+x^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+x^2} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-1)^k x^{2k} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+x^2} }$$

Solution

### 299 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-1)^k x^{2k} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x^2\sin(x^3) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x^2\sin(x^3) }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2\sin(x^3) }$$ about $$x = 0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^k x^{6k+5}}{(2k+1)!} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x^2\sin(x^3) }$$

Solution

There is more to this video solution than you were asked to do in the problem statement. Here is what he asks for in the video.
Suppose that $$f(x)=x^2 \sin(x^3)$$.
a) By using the Maclaurin series for sine, find the Maclaurin series for f.
b) Hence show that zero is a stationary point for f.
c) Is zero a local maximum point, local minimum point or a horizontal point of inflection? Explain.

### 301 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2\sin(x^3) }$$ about $$x = 0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^k x^{6k+5}}{(2k+1)!} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1+x} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1+x} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$g(x)$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-x)^k } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{1+x} }$$

Solution

### 304 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

The power series for $$g(x)$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-x)^k } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+9x^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+9x^2} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+9x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-9x^2)^k } }$$ for $$-1/3 < x < 1/3$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+9x^2} }$$

Solution

### 305 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{1+9x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ (-9x^2)^k } }$$ for $$-1/3 < x < 1/3$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{4x+1} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{4x+1} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{4x+1} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (-4)^n x^{n+1} } }$$ for $$-1/2 < x < 1/2$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{4x+1} }$$

Solution

### 306 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{4x+1} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (-4)^n x^{n+1} } }$$ for $$-1/2 < x < 1/2$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{9+x^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{9+x^2} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{9+x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{9^{n+1}} } }$$ for $$-3 < x < 3$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{9+x^2} }$$

Solution

### 307 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{9+x^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{2n+1}}{9^{n+1}} } }$$ for $$-3 < x < 3$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}x^{2n}}{(2n-1)!} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}x^{2n}}{(2n-1)!} } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}x^{2n}}{(2n-1)!} } = x\sin(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}x^{2n}}{(2n-1)!} } }$$

Solution

In this problem, he integrates the series for $$\cos(x)$$ to get the series for $$\sin(x)$$. This is not necessary unless you are told to start with $$\cos(x)$$ to get the answer.

### 309 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}x^{2n}}{(2n-1)!} } = x\sin(x) }$$

$$x \cos(x) - \sin(x)$$

Problem Statement

$$x \cos(x) - \sin(x)$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ x\cos(x) - \sin(x) = \left( \frac{x^3}{3!} - \frac{x^3}{2!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^5}{4!} - \frac{x^5}{5!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^7}{7!} - \frac{x^7}{6!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^9}{8!} - \frac{x^9}{9!} \right) + \cdots }$$

Problem Statement

$$x \cos(x) - \sin(x)$$

Solution

In this problem, he integrates the series for $$\sin(x)$$ to get the series for $$\cos(x)$$. This is not necessary unless you are told to start with $$\sin(x)$$ to get the answer.

### 310 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ x\cos(x) - \sin(x) = \left( \frac{x^3}{3!} - \frac{x^3}{2!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^5}{4!} - \frac{x^5}{5!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^7}{7!} - \frac{x^7}{6!} \right) + \left( \frac{x^9}{8!} - \frac{x^9}{9!} \right) + \cdots }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2e^{4x} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2e^{4x} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2e^{4x} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{4^nx^{n+2}}{n!} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2e^{4x} }$$

Solution

### 314 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=x^2e^{4x} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{4^nx^{n+2}}{n!} } }$$

For $$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{(5x-1)^n} }$$, evaluate$$\int{f(x)~dx}$$

Problem Statement

For $$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{(5x-1)^n} }$$, evaluate$$\int{f(x)~dx}$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int{f(x)~dx} = C + \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(5x-1)^{n+1}}{5(n+1)} } }$$

Problem Statement

For $$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{(5x-1)^n} }$$, evaluate$$\int{f(x)~dx}$$

Solution

### 323 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int{f(x)~dx} = C + \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(5x-1)^{n+1}}{5(n+1)} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^n}{n!} } }$$, find $$\displaystyle{ h(x) = x^3\int_{0}^{x}{ f(t)~dt } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^n}{n!} } }$$, find $$\displaystyle{ h(x) = x^3\int_{0}^{x}{ f(t)~dt } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ h(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+4}}{(n+1)!} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^n}{n!} } }$$, find $$\displaystyle{ h(x) = x^3\int_{0}^{x}{ f(t)~dt } }$$

Solution

### 325 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ h(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{n+4}}{(n+1)!} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{2}{x+4} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{2}{x+4} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{2}{x+4} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n}{2} \left( \frac{x}{4} \right)^n } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{2}{x+4} }$$

Solution

### 326 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{2}{x+4} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n}{2} \left( \frac{x}{4} \right)^n } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x^2) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x^2) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x^2) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{4n}}{(2n)! } } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x^2) }$$

Solution

### 329 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \cos(x^2) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^nx^{4n}}{(2n)! } } }$$

Intermediate Problems

$$\ln(1+x)$$

Problem Statement

$$\ln(1+x)$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\ln(1+x)$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n x^{n+1}}{n+1} }; }$$ $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\ln(1+x)$$

Solution

### 296 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$\ln(1+x)$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n x^{n+1}}{n+1} }; }$$ $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2} }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}{ kx^{k-1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2} }$$

Solution

### 298 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2} }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}{ kx^{k-1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \ln\left( \frac{1-x}{1+x} \right) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \ln\left( \frac{1-x}{1+x} \right) }$$

Hint

This is a great video showing how to use integration and differentiation to get a power series for a function that initially looks nothing like a geometric series. The key here is to notice $$\displaystyle{ \frac{d}{dx}[\ln(1-x)] = \frac{-1}{1-x} }$$ and $$\displaystyle{ \frac{d}{dx}[\ln(1+x)] = \frac{1}{1+x} }$$
Now the two fractions are in the right form to be able to find the power series from the geometric series equation. The last step is to integrate the series to get the natural log equations. Notice how he takes into account the need for a constant in the integration.

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \ln\left( \frac{1-x}{1+x} \right) }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \ln\left(\frac{1-x}{1+x}\right) }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ -2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{2n+1}}{2n+1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \ln\left( \frac{1-x}{1+x} \right) }$$

Hint

This is a great video showing how to use integration and differentiation to get a power series for a function that initially looks nothing like a geometric series. The key here is to notice $$\displaystyle{ \frac{d}{dx}[\ln(1-x)] = \frac{-1}{1-x} }$$ and $$\displaystyle{ \frac{d}{dx}[\ln(1+x)] = \frac{1}{1+x} }$$
Now the two fractions are in the right form to be able to find the power series from the geometric series equation. The last step is to integrate the series to get the natural log equations. Notice how he takes into account the need for a constant in the integration.

Solution

### 308 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ \ln\left(\frac{1-x}{1+x}\right) }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ -2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{2n+1}}{2n+1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1+x)^3} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1+x)^3} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1+x)^3} = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (-1)^{n}(n+2)(n+1)x^{n+2} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1+x)^3} }$$

Solution

### 311 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1+x)^3} = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (-1)^{n}(n+2)(n+1)x^{n+2} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=\cos^2(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=\cos^2(x) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \cos^2(x) = 1 + \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n2^{2n-1}x^{2n}}{(2n)!} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x)=\cos^2(x) }$$

Solution

### 315 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \cos^2(x) = 1 + \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n2^{2n-1}x^{2n}}{(2n)!} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1-2x)^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1-2x)^2} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1-2x)^2} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ 2^n(n+1)x^{n+2} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1-2x)^2} }$$

Solution

### 319 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x^2}{(1-2x)^2} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ 2^n(n+1)x^{n+2} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ e^{-x^2}\cos(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ e^{-x^2}\cos(x) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ e^{-x^2}\cos(x) = 1 - \frac{3x^2}{2} + \frac{25x^4}{24} + \cdots }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ e^{-x^2}\cos(x) }$$

Solution

### 320 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ e^{-x^2}\cos(x) = 1 - \frac{3x^2}{2} + \frac{25x^4}{24} + \cdots }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{\sin(x)} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{\sin(x)} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{\sin(x)} = 1 + \frac{x^2}{6} + \frac{7x^4}{300} + \cdots }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{\sin(x)} }$$

Solution

### 321 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{x}{\sin(x)} = 1 + \frac{x^2}{6} + \frac{7x^4}{300} + \cdots }$$

Evaluate $$\displaystyle{ \int{ \frac{e^{x^2}}{x}dx } }$$ as an infinite series.

Problem Statement

Evaluate $$\displaystyle{ \int{ \frac{e^{x^2}}{x}dx } }$$ as an infinite series.

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int{ \frac{e^{x^2}}{x}dx} = \ln\abs{x} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{2n}}{n!(2n)} } + C }$$

Problem Statement

Evaluate $$\displaystyle{ \int{ \frac{e^{x^2}}{x}dx } }$$ as an infinite series.

Solution

### 322 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int{ \frac{e^{x^2}}{x}dx} = \ln\abs{x} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{x^{2n}}{n!(2n)} } + C }$$

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6}{2x+1}, ~ x=1 }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6}{2x+1}, ~ x=1 }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6}{2x+1} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n 2^{n+1} \abs{x-1}^n}{3^n} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6}{2x+1}, ~ x=1 }$$

Solution

### 327 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{6}{2x+1} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n 2^{n+1} \abs{x-1}^n}{3^n} } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x+3}{1-x^2} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x+3}{1-x^2} }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (2+(-1)^n)(x^n) } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \frac{x+3}{1-x^2} }$$

Solution

### 328 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ (2+(-1)^n)(x^n) } }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = e^x \sin(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = e^x \sin(x) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x + x^2 + \frac{x^3}{3} - \frac{x^5}{30} + \cdots }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = e^x \sin(x) }$$

Solution

### 330 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x + x^2 + \frac{x^3}{3} - \frac{x^5}{30} + \cdots }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \tan(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \tan(x) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{2x^4}{15} + \cdots }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \tan(x) }$$

Solution

### 331 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = x + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{2x^4}{15} + \cdots }$$

Use the binomial series to expand $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{ \sqrt[5]{32-x} } }$$ as a power series.

Problem Statement

Use the binomial series to expand $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{ \sqrt[5]{32-x} } }$$ as a power series.

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{1\cdot 6 \cdot \cdots \cdot (5n-4) }{ 5^n2^{5n+1}n! } } }$$

Problem Statement

Use the binomial series to expand $$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{ \sqrt[5]{32-x} } }$$ as a power series.

Solution

### 371 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \frac{1}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{1\cdot 6 \cdot \cdots \cdot (5n-4) }{ 5^n2^{5n+1}n! } } }$$

Advanced Problems

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) }$$

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^k x^{2k+1}}{2k+1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) }$$

Solution

### 300 video

video by Dr Chris Tisdell

Final Answer

The power series for $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \tan^{-1}(x) }$$ about $$x=0$$ is $$\displaystyle{ g(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^k x^{2k+1}}{2k+1} } }$$ for $$-1 < x < 1$$

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{n}{5^n} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{n}{5^n} } }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{n}{5^n} } = \frac{5}{16} }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{n}{5^n} } }$$

Solution

### 312 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{ \frac{n}{5^n} } = \frac{5}{16} }$$

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \arctan(2x) }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \arctan(2x) }$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \arctan(2x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n2^{2n+1}x^{2n+1}}{2n+1} } }$$

Problem Statement

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \arctan(2x) }$$

Solution

### 318 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ f(x) = \arctan(2x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{ \frac{(-1)^n2^{2n+1}x^{2n+1}}{2n+1} } }$$

Find the Maclaurin series using the binomial series for $$\arcsin(x)$$.

Problem Statement

Find the Maclaurin series using the binomial series for $$\arcsin(x)$$.

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \arcsin(x) = x + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\cdots (2n-1)}{(2n+1)2^n\cdot n!}x^{2n} } }$$

Problem Statement

Find the Maclaurin series using the binomial series for $$\arcsin(x)$$.

Solution

### 372 video

video by PatrickJMT

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \arcsin(x) = x + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\cdots (2n-1)}{(2n+1)2^n\cdot n!}x^{2n} } }$$

Use a power series to approximate $$\displaystyle{ \int_{0}^{0.5}{ \frac{\sin(x)}{x}dx } }$$ with error $$< 0.001$$

Problem Statement

Use a power series to approximate $$\displaystyle{ \int_{0}^{0.5}{ \frac{\sin(x)}{x}dx } }$$ with error $$< 0.001$$

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int_{0}^{0.5}{ \frac{\sin(x)}{x} dx } \approx 0.493 }$$

Problem Statement

Use a power series to approximate $$\displaystyle{ \int_{0}^{0.5}{ \frac{\sin(x)}{x}dx } }$$ with error $$< 0.001$$

Solution

### 332 video

video by MIP4U

Final Answer

$$\displaystyle{ \int_{0}^{0.5}{ \frac{\sin(x)}{x} dx } \approx 0.493 }$$